[mothered]

Does anyone know what specific information Amazon is permitted to provide

Anything related to verify the POP.

• Order number
  
• Invoice number
  
• Date of purchase
  
• Item description
  
• Receiver details
  
• Total/subtotal
  
• Etc
  

and, importantly, what information they don’t or cannot provide?

The payment method account number.

In fact, for security and privacy purposes, Amazon's representatives can only see the first 6 digits - known as the Bank Identification Number, "BIN".